Ganeshotsav or Ganesh Chaturthi will begin on September 12 this year (2018), and end on Sept. 23. In Maharashtra, it’s the biggest show that the state puts on. If you’re a newbie, you would wonder what exactly this festival is about and the customs followed – here’s all you need to know.
First up, Ganesh or Vinayak Chaturthi is a birthday celebration for the Hindu God, elephant-headed Lord Ganesh. He is believed to have been born on the fourth day (chaturthi) of the bright fortnight of ‘Maagh’ month. The party begins with Ganesh Chaturthi and ends with Anant Chaturdashi. As per the Gregorian calendar, the dates would fall between August and September.
While the festival itself lasts for eleven days, preparations begin well in advance – in Mumbai, temporary stalls pop up all over the city to sell Ganesh idols; A variety of floral decorations and other items to decorate pandals (marquees) are on offer; Saree shops are filled with women looking to buy the latest designs (designs most probably inspired by current soap operas).
All this, for the cultural extravaganza that Mumbai city begins looking forward to even before it ends. On various days during the event itself, you will see an idol of Lord Ganesh on a truck or tempo being followed by a mass of humanity dancing fervently to the beats of huge, traditional dhols or the latest Bollywood songs.
Traditional dhol (drums), tasha are played during the Ganapati visarjan procession
Humble beginnings of the festival were marked by bringing home a simple clay idol of the Lord, performing puja/religious rituals and immersing the idol in a nearby well, stream or river on the designated day of immersion or’visarjan’.
Celebrations took on such mammoth proportions when freedom fighter Bal Gangadhar Tilak realised the potential of the festival to invoke positive communal feelings. Seeing that Lord Ganesh was worshipped by Hindus across castes, he used it to create a public fiesta that united Indians across social classes as they celebrated Ganesh Utsav together rather than alone in their homes.
A symbolic object – trishul/trident, ankush/goad, a flower and a rosary or sweet modak is usually held by Ganapati in each of his four hands
Ganesh Utsav – A community festival
Today Ganesh Utsav is an ostentatious spectacle across Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat. Other states are playing catch up – these days even North Indian states like Uttar Pradesh have begun celebrations on a grand scale.
It begins with bringing home the idol a day before Chaturthi, unveiled the next day as a priest performs Prana Pratishtha puja, invoking the Lord’s soul. Verses from the Rig Veda, Ganapati Atharva Shirsha Upanishad, Ganesha Stotra etc. are chanted while offerings are made in the form of coconut, jaggery, modak (sweet), durva (grass), red flowers etc.
Coconut, jaggery, modak (sweet), durva (grass), red flowers etc. are offered to Lord Ganesh
Rice flour (ukkhdicha) modak is Ganapati’s favorite sweet
In Maharashtra, devotional songs like Aarti Dnyanraja or Dashaavatar Aarti are sung during the traditional light or lamp offering (aarti). After this is done, prasad is offered to guests who visit homes/pandals (large marquees) as a form of the Lord’s blessings. Puja is performed every day from one to ten days, depending on the pre-decided duration for which the idol is to be kept.
A prana pratisthana puja is performed on the first day of the Utsav
Lord Ganesha’s blessings are sought during puja
Then, the Lord is sent off to his abode of Mount Kailash (Kailash Parvat), accompanied by song and dance in a grand immersion or visarjan. Depending on tradition, the idol is taken for immersion either after a day and a half or on the third, fifth, seventh or eleventh day. Smaller households usually perform visarjan on the second day.
Ganapati idol placed on a hand cart and taken around for last darshan by devotees
Children, feisty at the beginning of the procession, generally tire out by the end
Women walk with the kalash (earthen or brass pot filled with holy water, topped with a coconut and mango leaves
Ganapati idols are carried to the artificial pond in Thane for visarjan
A final aarti is performed before the Ganapati idol is immersed
Wishes are whispered in the Ganapati idol’s ears before he is taken for immersion
Sarvajanik pandals (public marquees) of various Mitra Mandals (literally friends’ groups but consisting mostly of groups funded by political parties) usually take the idol for immersion on the eleventh day.
Lord Ganesha’s idol is placed on a truck for the visarjan procession at Pokhran Road Thane
People dance in the streets to the tune of dhols
Volunteers monitor movement of Ganapati idols so they don’t cause a major hindrance to traffic
With over 150,000 idols immersed each year, the event has turned into a humungous source of pollution. Eco-friendly statues don’t find favour with most public pandals, who continue using Plaster of Paris ones as they are lighter and visually appealing.
While immersion in artificial ponds created specifically for visarjans is increasing in places like Thane, Dadar, Surat etc., municipal corporations are yet to find ways of disposing waste from these ponds/lakes in an environmentally conscious way.
(Note – here is a link for the artificial ponds created in Mumbai – click here )
In artificial ponds like that in Thane, volunteers handle the actual immersion
Volunteers immersing the idols have to necessarily be good swimmers
Saying goodbye to Lord Ganesh can be an emotional moment for a few
Of late, innovative idols like those made of chocolate, sugarcane, flowers etc. are doing rounds on social media like WhatsApp and hopefully such ideas will gain traction among households and groups looking to fulfill not just a religious obligation but also their moral duty.
10 Popular Ganapati Pandals to visit in Mumbai (with addresses)
Close up of a Ganapati idol at Khewra Circle in Thane
The most popular Ganapati/Ganesh pandals are in Parel or Matunga, areas near the railway nerve centre of Mumbai, Dadar station. Generally, immersion is on the 11th day so you could visit any time before that.
1.Lalbaugcha Raja, Ganesh Nagar, Lalbaug, Parel – The really famous Ganapati, sits on a throne and believed to grant wishes hence called Navasacha Ganapati
2. Mumbaicha Raja, Ganesh Galli, Parel – Second most visited Ganapati, theme replicates settings of famous temples/monuments, Cultural performance after evening aarti
3. GSB Seva Mandal Ganapati, GSB Sports Club Ground, King Circle, Matunga – Richest Ganapati, features décor and idol ornaments of gold and silver, Eco-friendly. Immersion on the 5th day so visit early.
4. Khetwadi Lanes, Lane/Gali 11 and 12, Grant Road East – The 13 lanes feature very tall idols of Ganapati, the grandest of which are in lanes 11 or 12
5. Andhericha Raja, MHADA Colony, Azad Nagar, Andheri – Famous for visits by Bollywood/film celebrities. Believed to fulfil wishes. Immersion on the 12th day (Sankashti) instead of 11th
6. Girgaumcha Raja, Keshavji Naik Chawl, Urankawadi, Girgaum – First Sarvajanik Ganesh Utsav started here by Lokmanya Tilak. Ecofriendly as idol is made of clay. Visited by Bollywood personalities.
7. Tejukayacha Raja, Tejukaya Mansion, Lalbaug, Parel – The idol has the same face but the posture is different each year so it becomes a point of discussion
8. Bhandarkarcha Raja, Bhandarkar Road, Matunga East – Provides free food to people during the festival, most of them slum dwellers
9. Chinchpoklicha Chintamani – One of the oldest Ganapati pandals in Mumbai
10. Tulsiwadicha Maharaja, Tulsiwadi, Tardeo – The idol is made of different materials each year like glass, sandalwood etc. In 2013, it was decorated with three lakh artificial diamonds
Good to know – The suffix ‘cha’ means ‘of’ in Marathi. So, Lalbaucha Raja means the King of Lalbaug.
The Ganesh pandal at Khewra Circle, Thane looks like a grand Bollywood movie set from the ’80s
Generally the smaller Ganapati idol (to the left in pic) is worshipped. Notice the mouse/mooshak to the right
Mooshak (mouse) is Ganapati’s trusted carrier and friend. And like his master, he too loves modaks!
Ashtavinayaka are eight distinct idols of Ganesha and a pilgrimage to see them is held sacred
What is the etiquette if you’re invited to visit a home for Ganesh Chaturthi
If you’re invited to a person’s house for Ganesh Chaturthi, here is what to do
- Buy a few fresh flowers and fruits to offer to the Lord
- Sindoor/vermilion, turmeric and rice would be kept near the idol. Just take a pinch of each and offer (drop) it at the feet of the idol
- Then offer flowers and the fruit (flowers at the feet and fruits to be just placed in front of/near the idol)
- If you don’t have an offering, you could just place a few ten rupee notes at the idol’s feet
- Do a namaskar and touch the feet of the Lord
Rangoli made by artist Vedavyas Katti outside a house
If you are participating in the aarti (ceremony where oil lamps are moved in a circle to the accompaniment of recited prayers)
- You could ask them for a prayer/hymn book and read from it if you don’t know the words/lyrics
- If you don’t want to, you could stand silently with hands folded in namaskar/namaste
- When the aarti is done, a lamp is offered to participants – accept the blessings by just placing your right palm/both palms over the flame (not too close!) and running it over your head
- Take prasad in your right hand and eat/drink it
- In Hindu religion, whatever falls on the ground is considered impure so don’t offer flowers etc. which have accidentally fallen and take care not to drop/spill the prasad
During the visarjan, devotees shout ‘Ganapati bappa morya, pudhchya varshi lavkar ya’ which means ‘O my Lord Ganesh, please come soon next year’
or ‘Ek, Do, Teen, Chaar, Ganapati ki jay jay kaar; Paanch, Cheh, Saat, Aath, Ganapati hain sabke saath’ which basically salutes the Lord and says his blessings are with everyone.
LINKS FOR LYRICS/METHOD FOR PUJA AND AARTIS
For a simple Ganesh Puja link, offering 16 items (Shodashopchara) during the puja, find English link here and meaning of the offerings here
Find Atharva Shirsha Upanishad link with English lyrics here and Sanskrit chanting here
Ganesha Stotra – English lyrics link here and Sanskrit chanting here
Aarti Dnyanraja link here
Dashaavatar Aarti link here
UPDATE – This year, a smartphone app called Majha Morya Aarti Sangrah’ is available. It contains aartis and shlokas as well as practices for pooja and visarjan.
STAY BLESSED!!